He even took a look at the plaque between his teeth under the microscope. He went on to be the first to observe and describe spermatozoa in 1677. What van Leeuwenhoek saw with these microscopes was bacteria and protozoa, but he called these tiny creatures “animalcules.” He was a master microscope maker and perfected the design of the simple microscope (which only had a single lens), enabling it to magnify an object by around two hundred to three hundred times its original size. It was unsurprising that van Leeuwenhoek would make such a discovery.
Not long after Hooke’s discovery, Dutch scientist Antonie van Leeuwenhoek detected other hidden, minuscule organisms- bacteria and protozoa. In observing the cork’s cells, Hooke noted in Micrographia that, “I could exceedingly plainly perceive it to be all perforated and porous, much like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular… these pores, or cells,…were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not met with any Writer or Person, that had made any mention of them before this…” To him, the cork looked as if it was made of tiny pores, which he came to call “cells” because they reminded him of the cells in a monastery. Hooke detailed his observations of this tiny and previously unseen world in his book, Micrographia. These advancements allowed Hooke to see something wondrous when he placed a piece of cork under the microscope. His microscope used three lenses and a stage light, which illuminated and enlarged the specimens. Interested in learning more about the microscopic world, scientist Robert Hooke improved the design of the existing compound microscope in 1665. The discovery of the cell would not have been possible if not for advancements to the microscope. Although this knowledge is foundational today, scientists did not always know about cells. Cell theory also states that cells are the basic functional unit of living organisms and that all cells come from other cells. This idea, part of the cell theory, is one of the central tenants of biology. From the single cells that make up the most basic organisms to the trillions of cells that constitute the complex structure of the human body, each and every living being on Earth is comprised of cells. Sakai's team and IBM plan to expand their collaboration by using PAIRS Geoscope (Physical Analytics Integrated Data Repository and Services) to analyze a larger amount of geographical information.Although they are externally very different, internally, an elephant, a sunflower, and an amoeba are all made of the same building blocks. The artificial intelligence detected the presence of the humanoid Nazca Line and the scientists analyzed the machine's data and confirmed its existence. The artificial intelligence then went through a massive amount of aerial and satellite images as well as laser data from Lidar surveys to find Nazca Lines that had never been reported before. The team showed pictures of Nazca Lines to the artificial intelligence so that it could learn what the lines look like. What makes the discovery of the newest Nazca Line special is how it was discovered: Sakai's team used an artificial intelligence powered by IBM's Watson Machine Learning Accelerator. The fact that irrigation systems and roads crisscross the Nazca region also makes the geoglyphs hard to detect. Discovering new lines is difficult since the Nazca Lines are sometimes poorly preserved, making them hard to spot in aerial photographs. Since 2006, Sakai's team has been studying the Nazca Lines, trying to understand what they were used for, and have found 143 new lines since that time.
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